MARTINDALE'S THE "VIRTUAL" ~ ASTRONOMY ASTROPHYSICS & SPACE CENTER THE SOLAR SYSTEM COURSES, TEXTBOOKS TUTORIALS, DATABASES, MOVIES

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Julian Date Today's Space Weather In Real Time The Sun ~ The Solar System & the Planets Asteroids, Comets & Meteor Showers Interplanetary Dust Planetary Atmospheres ~ Planetary Geosciences Planetary Rings & Moons

Julian Date - Astronomical Time ASTRONOMICAL TIME CALCULATORS - L. Bogan, Department of Physics, Arcadia University, Nova Scotia, Canada Includes: "Julian Day, Equation of Time and Siderial Time" For more information see Larry Bogan's Home Page JULIAN DATE CONVERSION - High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), NASA For more information see Tools or the High Energy Astrophysics Sciences Archive Research Center (HEASARC), NASA JULIAN DAY CALCULATOR - Bureau des Longitudes, France French/Français & English. For more information see Ephemerides Server or the Bureau des Longitudes JULIANISHES DATUM (JULIAN TIME) - B. Scherer, Erding, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) For more information see Astronomische Uhr; Java or Bernd Scherer's Home Page JULIAN DATE, SUN COORDINATES, MOON COORDINATES - CALCULATOR - E.M. Murphy, FUSE - The Far Spectroscopic Explorer, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University & NASA For more information see FUSE Planning Tools or FUSE - The Far Spectroscopic Explorer JULIAN DAY - Dan Bruton, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University For more information see Java or Dan Bruton's Home Page CONVERSION OF JULIAN DATE TO CALENDAR DATE (JAVA APPLET) - Dieter Egger, Alpha-World, Forschungseinrichtung Satellitengeodäsie, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) For more information see Applets or Dieter Egger's Home Page

Today's Space Weather
In Real-Time

Real-Time Data - Inclusive TODAY'S SPACE WEATHER: REAL-TIME & NEAR REAL-TIME SPACE WEATHER DATA - Space Environment Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Includes: ""Today's Space Weather"; GOES X-ray Flux 1-min data; Satellite Environment Plot; GOES X-ray Flux 5-min data; GOES Magnetometer; GOES Proton Flux; GOES ElectronFlux; Estimated Planetary Kp; D-region Absorption Prediction Model; ACE RTSW MAG, EPAM, SWEPAM, SIS; ACE RTSW MAG, EPAM, SWEPAM, SIS; & Auroral Activity from NOAA POES." For more information see Space Environment Center TODAY'S SPACE WEATHER - IPS Radio & Space Services, Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, Australian Government, Australia Multimedia Databases (Text & Images). For more information see the IPS Radio & Space Services ACE - REAL TIME - DATA - ACE, ACE Science Center, JPL, NASA "ACE browse data is designed for monitoring large scale particle and field behavior and for selecting interesting time periods." For more information see ACE Science Center, JPL Examples for the ACE Browse Parameter's include Magnetic Field Experiment (MAG) Ultra Low Energy Isotope Spectrometer (ULEIS) Electron, Proton, and Alpha Monitor (EPAM) Solar Energetic Particle Charge Analyzer (SEPICA) ISTP SURVEY KEY PARAMETERS: REAL TIME DATA - ISTP Project, NASA For more information see Data Products Examples include Geotail Daily KP Survey Geosync/Ground KP Survey SPACE ENVIRONMENT INFORMATION SERVICE - Hiraiso Solar Terrestrial Research Center (CRL0, Japan "This is a real-time/near real-time data service, and the data is updated continuously on daily basis." CURRENT SPACE WEATHER - Rice Space Institute, Department of Space Physics & Astronomy, Rice University Includes: most recent Kp Index, Solar Wind Observations, NOAA/SEC Forcast and much more. For more information see Space Weather Dials Interpretation Guide or the Rice Space Institute CURRENT SPACE WEATHER: DIALS PAGE ONLY - Rice Space Institute, Department of Space Physics & Astronomy, Rice University Dial Readings Include: Density, Speed, Pressure, Temperature, Magnitude, Polar Angle, Azimuth, Convection, Alfven Speed, Sound Speed, Th. Energy, Log[Beta], Alven Mach & Mach Number. For more information see Space Weather Dials Interpretation Guide or the Rice Space Institute Auroral Activity Real-Time Data AURORAL ACTIVITY - UPDATED EVERY 30 SECONDS - Ultraviolet Imager (UVI), GGS/Polar Spacecraft, NASA "...The UVI is one of 11 scientific instruments launched with the GGS/Polar spacecraft" For more information see the Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) AURORAL ACTIVITY REPORT - HOURLY UPDATES - Solar Terrestrial Dispatch, Canada For more information see Solar Terrestrial Dispatch CURRENT AURORAL OVAL POSITION - Solar Terrestrial Dispatch, Canada For more information see Solar Terrestrial Dispatch REAL-TIME VIEW OF THE AURORAL OVAL OVER THE NORTH POLE - Canadian Space Agency (CANOPUS), Canada For more information see Real-Time Data or the Canadian Space Agency (CANOPUS) Cosmic Ray Real-Time Data APATITY NEUTRON MONITOR IN REAL-TIME - Apatity Cosmic Ray Station, Polar Geophysical Institute, Russia For more information see the Polar Geophysical Institute OULU NEUTRON MONITOR IN REAL-TIME - Cosmic Ray Station, Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Finland For more information see the Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory REAL-TIME COSMIC RAY VARIATIONS - NEUTRON MONITOR - Moscow Neutron Monitor, Solar-Terrestrial Physics Division of IZMIRAN, Russia For more information see Solar-Terrestrial Physics Division of IZMIRAN Energetic Particles Real-Time Data REAL-TIME POLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE DATA: CEPPAD, CAMMICE, RAPID (CCR) SUMMARY PLOTS - CCR, Los Alamos National Laboratories (LANL) Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detectors (RAPID); Comprehensive Energetic Particle and Pitch Angle Distribution (CEPPAD) & Charge and Mass Magnetospheric Ion Composition Experiment (CAMMICE). For more information see CCR Home Page REAL-TIME GEOSYNCHRONOUS ENERGETIC PARTICLE DATA - Geosynchronous Energetic Particle Data, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) For more information see LANL Geosynchronous Energetic Particle Data Gravitational Lensing - Microlensing Real-Time Data THE OPTICAL GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT - Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE), Warsaw University Astronomical Observatory, Warsaw, Poland For more information see the Warsaw University Astronomical Observatory MOA TRANSIENT ALERT PAGE - I. Bond, Massay University, New Zealand Multimedia Database (Text & Images). For more information see Ian Bond's Home Page; MOA (Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics), New Zealand or Massay University Heliosphere Real-Time Data COHOWEB: COORDINATED HELIOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS DATA - National Space Science Center (NSSDC), NASA "...provides access to hourly magnetic field and plasma data and spacecraft position data from each of several deep-space spacecraft in separate spacecraft-specific files." For more information see National Space Science Center (NSSDC); Space Physics Databases or the National Space Science Center (NSSDC) OMNIWEB: NEAR EARTH HELIOSPHERE DATA - National Space Science Center (NSSDC), NASA "A system providing graphical browse and retrieval (ASCII, CDF, etc.) of any user-specified subset of available geophysical parameters for any user-specified time interval, from the 35-year OMNI data set of hourly, near-Earth solar wind magnetic field and plasma data and particle data from several spacecraft. " For more information see National Space Science Center (NSSDC); Space Physics Databases or the National Space Science Center (NSSDC) Ionosphere Real-Time Data REAL-TIME IONOSPHERIC POTENTIAL PATTERN - National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Also inlcludes: AE, Dst, Polar Cap Potential, Joule Heating, Hemispheric Power Index, IMF & Number of Magnometers. For more information see National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) NEAR REAL-TIME GLOBAL IONOSPHERIC TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT - Ionospheric and Atmospheric Remote Sensing, JPL "Movies of Global Ionospheric TEC and Differential TEC Maps..." For more information see Ionospheric and Atmospheric Remote Sensing REAL-TIME IONOSPHERIC DATA - SuperDARN, Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University For more information see SuperDARN REAL-TIME LINEAR MODELING OF IONOSPHERIC ELECTRODYNAMICS (LiMIE) - Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Science Team, Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan For more information see Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Science Team Magnetopause & Bow Shock Real-Time Data REAL-TIME MAGENTOPAUSE AND BOW SHOCK MODEL - Polar Ionospheric X-ray Imaging Experiment (PIXIE) For more information see Polar Ionospheric X-ray Imaging Experiment (PIXIE) Magnetosphere & Geo-Magnetic Real-Time Data GEOMAGNETIC ALERTS & FORCASTS - Space Environment Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) For more information see the Space Environment Center CURRENT GEO-MAGNETIC STORM LEVEL - Space Physics Research Group, U.C. Berkeley For more information see Real Time Dst Estimate Web Pages or Space Physics Research Group CURRENT GEOMAGNETIC CONDITIONS - IPS Radio & Space Services, Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, Australian Government, Australia Multimedia Database (Text & Images). For more information see the IPS Radio & Space Services ELECTRON AND ION VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE EARTH'S POLAR MAGNETOSPHERE (HYDRA) - Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Iowa Multimedia Database (Text & Images). For more information see HYDRA Home Page GEOMAGNETISM REAL-TIME DATA - Geology Division, United States Geological Survey (USGS) "Data plots for today and the previous seven days are available." For more information see RealTime Hazzard Information; Geology Divisions or the United States Geological Survey GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY CHART - Hiraiso Solar Terrestrial Research Center (HSTRC), Japan Multimedia Database (Text & Images). For more information see Hiraiso Solar Terrestrial Research Center (HSTRC) MAGNETIC ACTIVITY FORCASTS & REVIEWS - Canadian Space Weather Forecast Centre, Canada Multimedia Database (Text & Images). For more information see Canadian Space Weather Forecast Centre MAGNETOGRAMS IN REAL TIME - Intermagnet For more information see Intermagnet MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA ANALYZER (MPA) SPECTROGRAMS AND MOMENTS: REAL TIME DATA - NIS-1 MPA Team, Nonproliferation and International Security (NIS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) "Geosynchronous Plasma Regimes, Ion and Electron Spectrograms, & Moments" For more information see MPA Data; The Los Alamos Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer Home Page; NIS Division Projects or Nonproliferation and International Security (NIS) POLAR PARAMETER PLOTS (R,MLT,L): REAL TIME DATA - International Solar-Terrestrial Physics, NASA For more information see International Solar-Terrestrial Physics REAL-TIME MONITORING OF THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD - Solar-Terrestrial Physics Division of IZMIRAN, Russia For more information see Solar-Terrestrial Physics Division of IZMIRAN Solar Wind Real-Time Data CURRENT SOLAR WIND DATA FROM THE CELIAS/MTOF PROTON MONITOR - The SoHO/CELIAS/MTOF/PM Sensors, Live from College Park Maryland For more information see The SoHO/CELIAS/MTOF/PM Sensors REAL TIME SOLAR WIND DATA - ACE, Space Environment Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) For more information see ACE or ACE Science Center, JPL REAL-TIME VOYAGER 2 SOLAR WIND SPEED PLOTS - Voyager Plasma Science Experiment, Space Plasma Group, MIT For more information see Voyager Plasma Science Experiment Home Page

The Sun

Daily Activity Reports, Charts & News SOLAR RADIO BURSTS - EVERY 3 SECONDS - Culgoora Solar Observatory, New South Wales, Australia DAILY SOLAR ACTIVITY REPORTS - Big Bear Solar Observatory DAILY SOLAR ACTIVITY CHART - Hiraiso Solar Terrestrial Research Center (CRL0, Japan DAILY SUN NEWS - ESA Space Science Daily Images & Updates SUNSSPOT INDEX - Sunspot Index Data Center (SIDC), Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels, Beligum For more information see the Department of Solar Physics, Royal Observatory of Belgium DAILY SUN MOVIES & IMAGES: GOES SOLAR X-RAY IMAGER - NOAA/NGDC Solar-Terrestrial Physics, National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Multimedia Database (Text, Images & Movies). For more information see NOAA/NGDC Solar-Terrestrial Physics (Space Weather) DAILY SUN IMAGES - The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), The Netherlands DAILY SUN IMAGES: SOHO SUMMARY DATABASE - The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), NASA DAILY SUN MOVIES - TRACE, Lockheed Martin & the Solar Physics Branch, NASA DAILY SUN IMAGES: SOHO SYNOPTIC DATABASE - The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), NASA DAILY SUN IMAGES & SUN QUAKES - The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), The Netherlands DAILY SUN IMAGES - Big Bear Solar Observatory DAILY SUN IMAGES - MLSO Analysis Center at the High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, Colorado DAILY SUN IMAGES - C.E.K. Mees Solar Observatory, Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii DAILY SUN IMAGES - Solar Data Analysis Center, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA

Solar System - Planets

Dictionaries & Glossaries GAZETTER OF PLANETARY NOMENCLATURE - Astrogeology Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey For more information see Databases; Data & Information or the Astrogeology Research Program Real-Time Images of the Earth VISIBLE IMAGING SYSTEM (VIS) OF THE EARTH - UPDATED EVERY FEW MINUTES - POLAR Spacecraft, ISTP Project, NASA, and Space Plasma Physics, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Iowa "This Current Image is generated from data collected by the University of Iowa's Visible Imaging Investigations (VII) Visible Imaging System (VIS) on board the NASA Polar spacecraft. It was designed and built by the Particles and Imaging research group from The University of Iowa." "POLAR is the second to be launched of the two NASA spacecraft in the Global Geospace Science (GGS) initiative and part of the ISTP Project. " For more information see VIS; Space Plasma Physics - Imaging Research; Space Plasma Physics - Particles & Imaging Research Group; Department of Physics & Astronomy or the POLAR Spacecraft Interactive Simulators EARTH & MOON VIEWER - J. Walker, Fourmilab, Switzerland "Welcome to Earth viewer. You can view either a map of the Earth showing the day and night regions at this moment, or view the Earth from the Sun, the Moon, the night side of the Earth, above any location on the planet specified by latitude, longitude and altitude, or from a satellite in Earth orbit. Images can be generated based on a topographical map of the Earth, up-to-date weather satellite imagery, or a composite image of cloud cover superimposed on a map of the Earth." For more information see Index Librorum Liberorum EPHEMERIDES SERVER: CALCULATORS - Bureau des Longitudes, France Multimedia Calculators (Text & Images). French/Français & English. "This server allows the real time calculation of the position of solar bodies using the official ephemerides worked out at the Bureau des Longitudes following the recommendations of the IAU (International Astronomical Union)." For more information see Bureau des Longitudes MAPS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA For more information see Space Library or Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) SOLAR SYSTEM LIVE - J. Walker, Fourmilab, Switzerland "Welcome to Solar System Live, the interactive Orrery of the Web. You can view the entire Solar System, or just the inner planets (through the orbit of Mars). Controls allow you to set time and date, viewpoint, observing location, orbital elements to track an asteroid or comet, and a variety of other parameters." For more information see Index Librorum Liberorum SOLAR SYSTEM SIMULATOR - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA For more information see Space Library or Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) VIRTUAL SOLAR SYSTEM - National Geographic "...Your chance to discover the wonders of our solar system in a spectacular 3-D environment. Take a fly-by tour of the sun and each planet in its orbit,..." For more information see National Geographic Databases & Image Atlases MARS IMAGE DATABASE - JPL & NASA Multimedia (Text & Images). Over 25,000 Images For more information see Mars Exploration Program PDS PLANETARY IMAGE ATLAS: CLICKABLE MAPS - PDS Imaging Node, USGS Flagstaff & DS Imaging Node, JPL, NASA Multimedia (Text & Images). "...uses existing PDS image products and software known as MapMaker to generate seamless, tailor-made image maps of a variety of planetary bodies. You will be able to specify the latitude and longitude limits of your map, plus scale and map projection." PLANETARY PHOTOJOURNAL - A collaboration between NASA's Planetary Data System Imaging Node, the Solar System Visualization Project,and JPL's Media Relations Office "The system database is currently populated with 1,000's of images; more are being added every day." PLANETARY SCIENCES - National Space Science Center (NSSDC) NASA Multimedia Databases (Text & Images). "The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) is the deep archive for NASA planetary and lunar data in digital, document, and photographic formats. NSSDC is responsible for the distribution of planetary images and other data to scientists, educators, and the general public." For more information see National Space Science Center (NSSDC) WELCOME TO THE PLANETS - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology & NASA "This is a collection of many of the best images from NASA's planetary exploration program." For more information see JPL Courses WINDOWS TO THE UNIVERSE - University of Michigan Multimedia Course/Tutorials (Text, Images, Movies). "Windows to the Universe is a user-friendly learning system on the Earth and Space sciences for the use of the general public. The objective of this project, funded by NASA, is to develop an innovative and engaging Web-site that spans the Earth and Space sciences... THE NINE PLANETS - Bill Arnett Multimedia Course (Text, Images & Movies). "The Nine Planets is an overview of the history, mythology, and current scientific knowledge of each of the planets and moons in our solar system. Each page has text and images, some have sounds and movies, most provide references to additional related information." Some examples of Mirror sites include The Nine Planets Mirror Site - Maintined by: J. Kielkopf, Department of Physics, University of Louisville The Nine Planets Mirror Site - Maintined by: J. Palfreyman, State Library of Tasmania; Hobart, Tasmania The Nine Planets Mirror Site - Maintined by: Y. Koyama, Kashima Space Research Center; Japan The Nine Planets Mirror Site - Maintined by: A.V. Lukyanov, NETIS Laboratory; Yaroslavl, Russia

Asteroids
Comets & Meteor Showers

Asteroids & Comets In Real-Time ASTEROIDS & COMETS ORBIT VIEWER - IN REAL-TIME (JAVA APPLET) - O. Ajiki (AstroArts) & R. Baalke (JPL), NASA'S Near-Earth Object Program, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) "SENTRY - An Automatic Near-Earth Asteroid Collision Monitoring System" "The orbits shown in the applet are color coded. The planets are white lines, and the asteroid/comet is a blue line..." Examples of Parameters Include: "(1) Osculating Orbital Elements: Epoch of Osculation (Julian Day, ET); Epoch of Osculation (Calendar Date, ET); Mean Anomaly (deg); Argument of Perihelion (deg); Longitude of the Ascending Node (deg); Inclination (deg); Eccentricity; Semi-major Axis (AU); Perihelion Passage (Julian Day, ET); Perihelion Passage (Calendar Date, ET); Perihelion Distance (AU); (2) Physical Parameters: GM (km^3 s^-2); Radius (km); H (absolute magnitude); G (magnitude slope parameter); Color Index (B-V); Rotation Period (h); Geometric Albedo; Spectral Class; Orbit Solution Data Arc; Observations used in Orbit Solution." For more information see NASA'S Near-Earth Object Program Current Missions STARDUST - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA Multimedia Databases (Text, Images & Movies). "...is the space mission that will fly close to a comet and, for the first time ever, bring cometary material back to Earth for analysis by scientists worldwide." For more information see JPL Current Missions Past Missions NEAR EARTH ASTEROID RENDEZVOUS - NEAR, Johns Hopkins' Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University Multimedia Databases (Text, Images & Movies). Asteroid, Comets & Small Bodies Databases NASA'S SMALL BODY NODE - Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, JPL & NASA Multimedia Databases (Text, Images & Movies). "This node is concerned with gathering, restoring and archiving data sets related to comets, asteroids and interplanetary dust." For more information see NASA's Planetary Data System Asteroids ASTEROIDS - Bill Arnett Multimedia Course (Text, Images & Movies). For more information see the The Nine Planets ASTEROID SHAPES AND SPIN STATES - S. Hudson, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University Multimedia Tutorials (Text & Images). includes Earth-Crossing Asteroids. For more information see School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University ASTEROIDS - National Space Science Center (NSSDC) NASA Multimedia Databases (Text & Images). For more information see Planetary Sciences or the National Space Science Center (NSSDC) Comets & Meteor Showers COMETS AND METEOR SHOWERS - G.W. Kronk, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo Multimedia Tutorials & Databases (Text & Images). COMETS - COMETOGRAPHY - G.W. Kronk (cometography.com), Washington University, St. Louis, Mo Multimedia Tutorials & Databases (Text & Images). COMET OBSERVATION & ANALYSIS - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, NASA Multimedia (Text, Images & Movies). For more information see JPL COMET OBSERVATION & ANALYSIS (ENGLISH) - M. Meyer & A. Kammerer, Vereinigung der Sternfredunde e.V., Fachgruppe Kometen, Technischen Universität Clausthal, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) Multimedia (Text, Images & Movies). For more information see Willkommen auf der Homepage der VdS-Fachgruppe Kometen! (in German/Deutsch) COMETS - National Space Science Center (NSSDC) NASA Multimedia Databases (Text, Images & Movies). For more information see Planetary Sciences or the National Space Science Center (NSSDC)

Interplanetary Dust

Databases NASA'S INTERPLANETARY DUST SUBNODE - Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, JPL & NASA Multimedia Databases (Text, Images & Movies). "The Dust Subnode focusses primarily on the ingestion and curation of data pertaining to interplanetary dust gathered by spacecraft, spacebased telescopes, and groundbased facilities." For more information see NASA's Planetary Data System

Planetary Atmospheres

Databases NASA'S PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES NODE - New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, JPL & NASA Multimedia Databases (Text, Images & Movies). "...responsible for the acquisition, preservation, and distribution of all non-imaging atmospheric data from all planetary missions (excluding Earth observations)." For more information see NASA's Planetary Data System

Planetary Geosciences

Databases NASA'S PLANETARY GEOSCIENCES NODE - Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Laboratory, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, JPL & NASA Multimedia Databases (Text, Images & Movies). "...archives and distributes digital data related to the study of the surfaces and interiors of terrestrial planetary bodies." For more information see NASA's Planetary Data System NASA'S SPECTROSCOPY SUBNODE - Planetary Geology Group, Brown University, JPL & NASA Multimedia Databases (Text, Images & Movies). "...organizes and disseminates spectroscopic data to and from the science community. " For more information see NASA's Planetary Data System

Planetary Rings & Moons

Calculators & Interactive Tools SEE ASTROPHYSICS & PHYSICS CALCULATORS; MATHEMATICS CALCULATORS AND/OR THE AERONAUTICS & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING CALCULATORS SOME EXAMPLES OF INTERACITVE TOOLS INCLUDE RINGS NODE ON-LINE TOOLS - M. Showalter, Planetary Rings Node, Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, JPL & NASA "A set of tools to assist planetary scientists in the planning, acquisition and interpretation of observations of the ringed planets." For more information see NASA's Planetary Data System Some examples from over '15' Interactive Calculators/Viewers include Jupiter Viewer Saturn Moon Tracker Neptune Ephemeris Generator Databases NASA's Planetary Data System

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