MARTINDALE'S CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER WEATHER - METEOROLOGY - CLIMATOLOGY

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Meteorology Calculations & Simulations ATMOSPHERE/WEATHER SIMULATIONS A CONVECTIVE STORM MATRIX: BUOYANCY/SHEAR DEPENDENCIES - Meteorology Education & Training (MetEd), University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Multimedia Simulations & Modules (Text, Images, Video & Sound). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Meteorology Education & Training (MetEd) or the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Some examples from over "15" other Simulation Modules include An MCS Matrix Gap Winds Sea Breezes ATMOSPHERE/WEATHER CALCULATIONS AIR DENSITY AND DENSITY ALTITUDE CALCULATORS - R. Shelquist, Longmont, Colorado VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Calculators or Richard Shelquist Home Page ATMOSPHERE COMPUTATIONS: STANDARD - LDS Vacuum Products, Inc., Altamonte Springs, Florida For more information see Technical Information or LDS Vacuum Products, Inc., ATMOSPHERE COMPUTATION: STANDARD - Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design Group, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University Multimedia. Enter the Altitude in Feet, do not use coma. Computation currently will give you: Density, Temperature, Pressure, K. Viscosity and Sound Speed. For more information see Aircraft Aerodynamics and Design Group, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University ATMOSPHERE COMUTATION: THE GRANULAR VOLCANO GROUP COMPUTATIONAL ATMOSPHERE - CALCULATOR - S. Dartevelle, Granular Volcano Group For more information see the Granular Volcano Group ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION PARAMETER CALCULATOR - Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA VERY EXTENSIVE. "...Enter the parameters for which you wish calculate atmospheric transmission and upwelling radiance..." For more information see Goddard Space Flight Center ATMOSPHERE SIMULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - K.D. Forbus, Qualitative Reasoning Group, Institute for Learning Sciences, Northwestern University VERY EXTENSIVE. Includes: Atmosphere temperature, Solar Radiation, Earth's Surface, Cloud Model & CO2 in Atmosphere. For more information see Simulations or Self-Explanatory Simulators; Software or the Qualitative Reasoning Group INTERACTIVE WEATHER MODELING APPLETS - S. Ackerman, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science & Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Weather & Climate Home Page; AOS Courses or the Weather & Climate Home Page Examples from over "5" Applets include Planet Emission Temperature Climate Model Relative Humidity and Dew Point INTRODUCTORY METEOROLOGY MODULES (JAVA APPLETS) - G. Carbone, Department of Geography, College of Liberal Arts, University of South Carolina For more information see Geography 202: Introduction to Weather and Climate - Lab; Geography 202: Introduction to Weather and Climate Home Page; Greg Carbone's Home Page or the Department of Geography Some examples include Earth-Sun Geometry Applet Longwave Radiation Applet Saturation Vapor Pressure Applet THE WEATHER CALCULATOR - T. Brice & T. Hall, El Paso Area, Southern Region Headquarters, National Weather Service, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see El Paso Area or the Southern Region Headquarters Some examples from over "19" Calculators include Temperature Conversions: Heat Index Calculator Moisture Conversions: Vapor Pressure Calculator Moisture Conversions: Mixing Ratio Calculator Pressure Conversions: Altimeter Setting Calculator Showalter Index - Calculator Wind Speed Conversion WEATHER CALCULATORS - Milt Kooyman, SAIC, Shaw OWS, Det 1, 18th, Weather Squadron, U.S. Army Transportation Service, Fort Eustis, Virginia VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Includes: Distance Conversion Calculator, Speed Conversion Calculator, Pressure Conversion Calculator, Weight Conversion Calculator, Surface - Cross/Head/Tail Wind Calculator, Flight Level - Cross/Head/Tail Wind Calculator, Relative Humidity Calculator, Heat Stress Index Calculator, Height and Temperature D-Val Calculator etc.. For more information see Det 1, 18th, Weather Squadron WEATHER WISE: WEATHER EDUCATION APPLETS - S. Ackerman & T. Whittaker, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science & Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Weather & Climate Home Page; AOS Courses; Weather & Climate Home Page or Weather Wise Some examples from over "30" Applets include Precipitation Applet Thunderstorm Applet Thermodiagram Applet: what it takes to make a thundershower Snowflake Applet: Make snowflakes using different crystals Altimeter Applet: Practice setting your altimeter Contour Analysis Applet METEOROLOGY: UNDERSTANDING THE ATMOSPHERE (JAVA APPLETS) - T. Whittaker & S. Ackerman, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science & Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Meteorology: Understanding the Atmosphere or WeatherWise Some examples from over "20" Applets include Correcting Surface Pressure Radiant Energy Curves Identifying Air Massess Contrails Weather Balloons PIBAL THEODOLITE PILOT BALLOON PIBAL THEODOLITE PILOT BALLOON FLIGHT CALCULATOR - Martin Brenner, Director of Technology, College of the Arts, California State University Long Beach (CSULB) VERY EXTENSIVE. "Pilot Balloon Theodolites and Determination of Upper Level Winds Using Pibals..." "Observations of a pilot balloon ascent made by an optical theodolite are solved for wind speed and direction..." For more information see Instructions for Making and Processing Data from Pilot Balloon Observations; Pilot Weather Balloon (Pibal) Optical Theodolites - Equipment - Operations and Related information; Pibal Theodolites Web Resource or A collection of information about Pibal Theodolites at CSULB Carbon Cycle SHORT TERM CARBON CYCLE SHORT TERM CARBON CYCLE - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. Carbon Emission & Atmospheric Pollution CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON POLLUTION CALCULATOR - Sponsored by the Texas General Services Commission's State Energy Conservation Office, Texas "...This worksheet allows you to easily tally up your own personal "carbon budget..." For more information see Renewable Energy: The Infinite Power of Texas CO2 CALCULATOR - Global Environment Information Centre, Japan "The CO2 calculator is based on the ChoCO2 studies of GEIC, which calculate CO2 emissions from everyday Japanese electrical appliances and automobiles based on energy consumption figures." For more information see Global Environment Information Centre CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE CALCULATOR - American Forests Organization, Washington D.C. VERY EXTENSIVE. "How many trees do you need to plant to offset your carbon emissions?" For more information see American Forests Organization GAUSSIAN PLUME MODEL GAUSSIAN PLUME MODEL - CALCULATOR - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Environmental Models; Master Tools or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. GREENHOUSE GAS CLIMATE CHANGE CALCULATOR (SHOCKWAVE) - Envision Sustainability Tools Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada In English & French/Français. "...an interactive software tool designed to raise people's awareness of the greenhouse gases they produce through their daily activities and lifestyle choices..." For more information see Envision Sustainability Tools GREENHOUSE GAS CALCULATOR - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S. Government "...Use this online calculator to obtain a rough estimate of your household's greenhouse gas emissions..." For more information see Calculators; Online Tools; Global Warming or the Environmental Protection Agency TRANSPORT OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS TRANSPORT OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS - CALCULATOR - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Atmospheric Transport Calculator Home Page; Computational Atmospheric Sciences or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VEHICLE POLLUTION VEHICLE POLLUTION GENERATED - CALCULATOR - Environmental Technology Centre/ Centre de Technologie Environnementale, Environment Canada, Canada For more information see Pollution Calculations Forms; Databases & Software or the Environmental Technology Centre/Centre de Technologie Environnementale Examples of other calculators online include Pollution Generated by your Lawnmower Pollution Generated by your Snowblower Climate Dynamics SIMULATIONS GFDL DATABASE (JAVA) - The GFDL-University Consortium, Geophysical Fluid Dynmaics Laboraory (GFDL) VERY EXTENSIVE. "The purpose of the consortium is to design and analyze a series of general circulation model (GCM) simulations to increase the understanding of the maintenance of regional climates and the atmospheric response to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and other perturbations in the lower boundary." For more information see The GFDL-University Consortium or the Climate Diagnostics Center Clouds AIR CLOUD TOP TEMPERATURE AIR CLOUD TOP TEMPERATURE - S. Ackerman, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science & Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin For more information see Interactive Weather Modeling Applets; Weather & Climate Home Page; AOS Courses or the Weather & Climate Home Page CLOUD ALTITUDE CALCULATIONS CLOUD ALTITUDE CALCULATOR - Umidita atmosferica e formazione delle nubi, Italy "This calculator is based on the assumption that the air temperature drops 9.84 degrees C per 1000 m of altitude and the dewpoint drops 1.82 degrees C per 1000 meters altitude." For more information see Umidita atmosferica e formazione delle nubi CLOUD BASE CALCULATION CLOUD BASE CALCULATOR - JumpVideo For more information see JumpVideo CLOUD COVERING EFFECT ON TEMPERATURE EARTH ENERGY BALANCE MODEL (JAVA APPLET) - M. Kessler, Atmospheric and Aquatic Sciences, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC "...estimates the effect of changes in cloud cover and albedo on Earth's average temperature..." For more information see Marc Kessler's Home Page or the Atmospheric Chemistry International Research Site (AIRSITE) CUMULUS CLOUD CALCULATIONS CUMULUS CLOUD APPLET - S. Ackerman, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science & Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin "To determine the height of the base of any cumulus cloud that might form due to convection, simply adjust the temperature and dew point sliders..." For more information see Weather Wise: Weather Education Applets or the Weather & Climate Home Page Drought U.S.: DROUGHT TERMINATION AND AMELORATION DROUGHT CALCULATOR: DROUGHT TERMINATION AND AMELORATION - J. Lawrimore, National Climatic Data Center, NOAA VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see NOAA's Drought Information Center; Climate Monitoring; Climate Research & Applications or National Climatic Data Center El Niño REAL-TIME EL NIÑO DATA REAL-TIME DATA OF TAO (TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE OCEAN ARRAY IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN) EL NIÑO TEMPERATURES (3D) (JAVA APPLET) - The Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Array, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA For more information see The Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Array or the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA CURRENT ANIMATINOS OF EL NIÑO CURRENT ANIMATINOS OF EL NIÑO - Climate Diagnostics Center, NOAA For more information see CDC Map Room or the Climate Diagnostics Center, NOAA EL NIÑO EL NIÑO THEME: CALCULATOR - NOAA "This theme page demonstrates how El Niño related data from distributed research institutes may be accessed through a common interface using the World Wide Web protocols and the Internet." For more information see El Niño Theme Page

Global Weather FOR REAL-TIME GLOBAL WEATHER DATABASE SEE THE REFERENCE DESK: GLOBAL DAILY REPORTS SOME EXAMPLES INCLUDE GLOBAL SYSTEMS NCDC CLIMATE DATA WORLD WIDE (CURRENT & HISTORICAL DATA) - National Climatic Data Center, NOAA For more information see the View Climatic Data Online or the National Climatic Data Center NATIONAL VIRTUAL DATA SYSTEM - National Climatic Data Center, NOAA National Climatic Data Center NATIONAL VIRTUAL DATA SYSTEM: GLOBAL ATLAS - National Climatic Data Center, NOAA VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. For more information see National Virtual Data Systems or the National Climatic Data Center Examples of Online Interactive Databases include Bailey Ecoregions of the Continent Bazilevich Global Primary Productivity World Glacier Data GLOBAL TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES GLOBAL TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES FROM PASSIVE MICROWAVE SATELLITES (JAVA APPLET) - Earth System Science Division, NASA VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see The Global Hydrology and Climate Center, NASA or Earth System Science Division HOURLY RAIN DATA HOURLY RAIN DATA - U.S. (JAVA APPLET) - Forcast Systems Laboratory, NOAA VERY EXTENSIVE. "This web site displays daily and hourly precipitation totals from approximately 3000 stations throughout the continental United States." For more information see FSL's Precipitation Data Web or Forcast Systems Laboratory, NOAA PALEOCLIMATOLOGY DATA PALEOCLIMATOLOGY DATA - INTERACTIVE - NOAA Paleoclimatology Program, National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA For more information see NOAA Paleoclimatology Program or the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), NOAA Examples of Online Interactive Databases include Tree-Ring Data Pollen Data Paleoclimate Model Paleocean Data Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) and the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) REALTIME TAO BUOY DATA REALTIME TAO BUOY DATA DISPLAY - Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA For more information see The Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Array or the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA Examples of other Online Interactive Databases include TAO Buoy Data Delivery TAO Time Series Data Selection TAO Climatologies Hurricanes HURRICANES NHC/TPC ARCHIVES OF PAST HURRICANE - Tropical Prediction Center, NOAA For more information see Atlas; Tropical Prediction Center NATIONAL HURRICAN CENTER - Tropical Prediction Center, NOAA HURRICANE MODELLING HURRICANE MODELLING APPLET - S. Ackerman, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science & Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin "The model assumes that changes in the tangential velocity near the surface and the average tropospheric temperature are related to the change in pressure. The model also assumes..." For more information see Weather Wise: Weather Education Applets or the Weather & Climate Home Page HURRICANE SCALE SAFFIR/SIMPSON HURRICANE SCALE - National Climatic Data Center, NOAA For more information see Educational Topics or the National Climatic Data Center Lifting Condensation Levels LIFTING CONDENSATION LEVEL CALCULATIONS LIFTING CONDENSATION LEVEL (LCL) CALCULATOR - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. "Though this LCL calculator was designed to calculate the lifting condensation level (LCL) for a parcel of air lifted from the surface, you may substitute values appropriately to calculate the LCL conditions for an air parcel at any other pressure level." For more information see Measures of the Atmosphere; Interactive Media & Simulations or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. Lightning GLOBAL LIGHTNING DISTRIBUTION GLOBAL LIGHTNING DISTRIBUTIONS - Lightning & Atmospheric Electricity Research, Global Hydrology and Climate Center (GHCC), NASA "...Lightning Imaging Sensor data is processed daily..." For more information see Dataset Information or Lightning & Atmospheric Electricity Research Ozone TODAY'S OZONE- CALCULATIONS OZONE ANALYSIS: TODAY'S OZONE FROM EARTH PROBE TOMS - Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA For more information see TOMS or Goddard Space Flight Center OZONE ISOPLETH PLOTTING PROGRAM & OZONE MODELING OZONE ISOPLETH PLOTTING PROGRAM (OZIP) - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see EKMA/OZIP Model Tools; Welcome to EKMA/OZIP or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. OZONE MODEL - CALCULATOR - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Computational Atmospheric Sciences or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. OZONE CALCULATIONS WHAT IS THE TOTAL COLUMN OZONE AMOUNT OVER YOUR HOUSE? TODAY-YESTERDAY - CALCULATOR - TOMMS Project, NASA "This value is the total column ozone amount, NOT the amount of ozone that causes smog (and that you hear about from your local weatherman)." For more information see Ozone - Using TOMMS or TOMMS Project, NASA Potential Temperature POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE CALCULATIONS CALCULATING POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. "Though this LCL calculator was designed to calculate the lifting condensation level (LCL) for a parcel of air lifted from the surface, you may substitute values appropriately to calculate the LCL conditions for an air parcel at any other pressure level." For more information see Measures of the Atmosphere; Interactive Media & Simulations or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. Pressure COMPUTING SEA LEVEL PRESSURE COMPUTING SEA LEVEL PRESSURE - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Interactive Media & Simulations or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. PRESSURE CONVERSIONS PRESSURE CONVERTER CALCULATOR - The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VERY EXTENSIVE. "This calculator converts pressures (in millibars) using elevations at the sounding station and the modeling site." For more information see Interactive Media & Simulations or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. Radar RADAR FUNDAMENTALS WITH CALCULATORS PRINCIPLES OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DOPPLER RADARr - Warning Decision Training Branch (WDTB), National Weather Service (NWS), NOAA Multimedia Courses (Text & Images). "...The purpose of this module is to lay a solid foundation on which to establish the concepts that will be taught in later lessons..." For more information see Resources or the Warning Decision Training Branch BEAM WIDTH CALCULATIONS BEAM WIDTH/CHARACTERISTICS CALCULATOR - Warning Decision Training Branch (WDTB), National Weather Service (NWS), NOAA VERY EXTENSIVE. "When analyzing radar data, it is often helpful to know the height of the radar volume...This applet provides a simpler way to get this information. In addition to providing the user the beam center height, it also provides the beam top height, beam bottom height, and the beam width..." For more information see Resources or the Warning Decision Training Branch BOUNDARY-RELATIVE SPEED CALCULATIONS BOUNDARY-RELATIVE SPEED CALCULATOR - Warning Decision Training Branch (WDTB), National Weather Service (NWS), NOAA VERY EXTENSIVE. "...This applet was created to give forecasters an easy way to use the proposed schematic diagram in an operational environment...The applet uses three input variables (cell speed, cell direction, and boundary speed; all speeds in m s-1) to compute the boundary-relative velocity at points all along the circular boundary...." For more information see Resources or the Warning Decision Training Branch RADAR CALCULATIONS - ALL INCLUSIVE RADAR ANTENNA CALCULATOR (ANTCALC) - I. Harre, Germany "...a calculator to determine from the dimension of the radar antena its main parameters." For more information see Radar or Ingo Harre's Home Page

Sunrise, Sunset & Tide SUNRISE/SUNSET, MOON PHASES ETC. ASTRONOMICAL APPLICATIONS - CALCULATORS - Astronomical Applications Department, U.S. Naval Observatory Multimedia Calculators. For more information see Site Map or Astronomical Applications Department Examples from over '20' Interactive Calculators include Sun and Moon Data for One Day Sun or Moon Rise/Set Table for One Year Lunar Eclipse Computer Sun or Moon Altitude/Azimuth Table for One Day Moon Phases PHOTOPERIOD CALCULATOR - J. Lammi, Finland VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see J. Lammi's Home Page (No.1); J. Lammi's Home Page (No.2) or J. Lammi's Home Page (No.3) SUN, MOON AND EARTH (JAVA APPLET) - J. Giesen English & German/Deutsch. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "This interactive applet displays the positions of the Sun and Moon on the horizon for any date, time and location, and on a world map with day and night regions. The times of rise and setting,..." For more information see GeoAstro Applets; Astro Applets; Astronomy and related stuff or Juergen Giesen's Physik und Astronomie Examples from over '19' Applets include Sun Plotter Applet Analemma Sundial Applet Sun position (polar coordinates) Applet SOLAR POSITION CALCULATOR - C. Cornwall, A. Horiuchi & C. Lehman, Surface Radiation Research Branch (SRRB), Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Solar Calculators or the Surface Radiation Research Branch SUN ANGLE CALCULATOR - C. Gronbeck, Sustainable By Design VERY EXTENSIVE. "This popular tool calculates a number of solar angles based on location, date, and time. It is useful in building design..." For more information see Sun Angle; Tools or Sustainable By Design SUN CLOCK (JAVA APPLET) - M. Minow For more information see Martin Minow's Home Page SUN PATH CALCULATOR (SHOCKWAVE) - C. Gronbeck, Sustainable By Design VERY EXTENSIVE. "...displays the path of sun in the sky. It can be used to graphically determine solar altitude and azimuth angles; it's also a general educational.." For more information see Sun Path; Tools or Sustainable By Design SUN POSITION CALCULATOR - S. Gulgonul, Istanbul, Turkey For more information see Senol Gulgonul's Home Page SUNRISE/SUNSET (JAVA APPLET) - Pangolin Communications, Auckland, New Zealand Includes: Sun Rise & Set; Civil Twilight & Nautical Twilight. For more information see Alamanac On-line or Pangolin Communications SUNRISE/SUNSET CALCULATOR - C. Cornwall, A. Horiuchi & C. Lehman, Surface Radiation Research Branch (SRRB), Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Solar Calculators or the Surface Radiation Research Branch SUNRISE/SUNSET CALCULATOR - T. Tyler, Cinematography.com "You can obtain the times of sunrise, sunset, moonrise, moonset, transits of the Sun and Moon, and the beginning and end of civil twilight, along with information on the Moon's phase..." For more information see Cinematography Software or Cinematography.com SUNRISE/SUNSET CALCULATOR FOR AM STATIONS IN THE U.S. - D. Bickel, Audio Services Division, Mass Media Bureau, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) "These values are important to those AM stations who must reduce power, cease operations, or change to directional operation during the nighttime hours, as well as the stations protected by the changed operation." For more information see Radio Tools or the Audio Services Division TIDES CALCUL DE LA MAREE (TIDE & CURRENT PREDITOR WORLD WIDE) - Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), France In French/Français. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "For a three day window plus any day in the past, for the world." For more information see Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM) TIDE AND CURRENT PREDICTOR (U.S., CANADA, PACIFIC ISLANDS, JAPAN & NEARBY SITES) - WWW Interface by Dean Pentcheff, Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina "Harmonic tide and current speed predictor..." TIDE PREDICTIONS U.S. BY STATES - Tides Online, Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, National Ocean Service, NOAA For more information see Tides Online TIDE PREDICTIONS FOR AUSTRALIA AND THE (SOUTH) PACIFIC (ISLANDS) - National Tidal Facility, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia For more information see National Tidal Facility DAILY TIDE AND CURRENT PREDICTIONS - Nautical Software, Inc. Tide predictions for US, Alaska, Hawaii, Canada, Central America, & Northern South America. Thunderstorms SHOWALTER INDEX CALCULATIONS SHOWALTER INDEX - CALCULATOR - T. Brice & T. Hall, El Paso Area, Southern Region Headquarters, National Weather Service, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) "...a measure of thunderstorm potential and severity..." For more information see The Weather Calculator; El Paso Area or the Southern Region Headquarters Tornadoes FUJITA SCALE FUJITA SCALE - NOAA For more information see Hurricanes - NOAA FUJITA SCALE CALCULATOR - J. Gunderson, Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia For more information see Storm Center or Jim Gunderson's Home Page Wind Chill WIND CHILL CALCULATIONS WIND CHILL CALCULATOR - D. Barthel, Southeast Regional Climate Center For more information see Southeast Regional Climate Center, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources

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