MARTINDALE'S CALCULATORS ON-LINE CENTER CHEMISTRY R-Z

US/Pacific: Sunday, October 24, 2004 Sydney, Australia: Monday, October 25, 2004 File Download Time Calculator Author, E-Mail, Privacy Policy & Disclaimer Currently the Calculators On-Line Center contains over "18,795" Calculators

Radiocarbon Dating CARBON 14 DATING CALIB RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION - UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SITE (JAVA APPLET) - M. Stuiver, P.J. Reimer & R. Reimer, University of Washington & Queen's University of Belfast VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see CALIB 14C Calibration Program CALIB RADIOCARBON CALIBRATION - QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST SITE (JAVA APPLET) - M. Stuiver, P.J. Reimer & R. Reimer, University of Washington & Queen's University of Belfast VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see CALIB 14C Calibration Program CARBON 14 DATING CALCULATOR - D.W. Brooks, Center for Curriculum and Instruction, Teachers College, University of Nebraska "To find the percent of Carbon 14 remaining after a given number of years, type in thenumber of years..." For more information see David W. Brooks's Home Page; Center for Curriculum and Instruction or the University of Nebraska HOW MUCH CARBON-14 IS LEFT - CALCULATOR - P. Hiscock, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Australia For more information see On-Line Articles; Resources or the School of Archaeology and Anthropology RADIOCARBON DATING - Author: T. Higham, Radiocarbon Dating Lab., University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand Multimedia Tutorials (Text & Images). Includes: Basis of the Method; Applications; Sample Submission; Pretreatment; Measurement Methods; Date Calculation; Corrections of C14 Dates; Calibration and much more. For more information see University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand

Redox REDOX REACTIONS REDOX REACTIONS CALCULATOR - Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill & The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "Calculate the electrode potential for a half-reaction, with inputs being the concentrations and stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products, and the number of electrons transferred..." For more information see UNC-Chapel Hill Chemistry Fundamentals Program or The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc. Small Angle Scattering: SAS, SAXS & SANS FOR RELATED DATABASES SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER SMALL ANGLE SCATTERING (SAS) SMALL ANGLE SCATTERING (SAS) SIMULATIONS & CALCULATIONS - M. Kriechbaum, Institute of Biophysics & X-ray Structure Research, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Austrian Academy of Sciences), Austria VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Some examles from over "12" Calculators include I(h) function calculator (for various geometrical, homogeneous shapes P(r) function calculator (for concentric shell models) P(r) function calculator (for models composed of spheres) SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING (SANS) NCNR TOOLS - Center for Neutron Research (NCNR), Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, NIST VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) Examples from over "20" Calculators include Scattering Length Density Calculator Calculate SANS data on the web Calculate neutron reflectivities on the web Solubility SOLUBILITY MEASUREMENTS IUPAC-NIST SOLUBILITY DATABASE - Data compiled and evaluated by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the Web database distributed by the Measurement Services Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "... Mutual solubilities and liquid-liquid equilibria of binary, ternary and quaternary systems are presented. Typical solvents and solutes include water, sea water, heavy water, inorganic compounds, and a variety of organic compounds..." "...There are over 30,000 solubility measurements, compiled from 11 volumes of the IUPAC Solubility Data Series. There are about 1028 chemical substances in the database and 3,619 systems,..." For more information see NIST Standard Reference Data Web Server; NIST Online Databases; NIST ONLINE Reference Databases or NIST Home Page SOLUBILITY CALCULATIONS SOLUBILITY CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - B. Herreros, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California (USC) For more information see 105b Home Page; Bruno Herreros Home Page or the Department of Chemistry

Spectroscopy SPECTROSCOPY TOOLS FTICR CALCULATOR - Amster Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia Calculators include: Cyclotron Frequency; Fourier-Limited Mass Resolution; Transient Length Required for a Desired Mass Resolution; Low Mass Limit in Broadband Mode; Set Mass Range in Narrowband Mode and Transient Length, Number of Data Points and Bandwidth. For more information see the Amster Research Group MASS SPECTROMETRY TOOLS - Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, Maine VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Department of Chemistry Some examples include Fragment Finder Isotope Cluster Metal Complex Finder Pentanucleotide Mass Finder Tripeptide Mass Finder MASS SPECTROMETRY & BEYNON TABLE (JAVA APPLETS) - D.N. Blauch, Department of Chemistry, Davidson College VERY EXTENSIVE. "...computes high resolution molecular masses and isotope peak abundances for ions. The applet also generates a Beynon table for a given mass number. For more information see Chemistry Resources at Davidson College; Chemistry Experiments and Exercises; David N. Blauch or the Department of Chemistry SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (JAVA APPLETS) - D.N. Blauch, Department of Chemistry, Davidson College VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Chemistry Experiments and Exercises; David N. Blauch or the Department of Chemistry SPECTROSCOPY LAB SUITE - QUANTUM MECHANICS ON-LINE INTERACTIVE PROGRAMS (SHOCKWAVE) - D. Zollman, W. Axmann, B. Grabhorn, C. Regehr & P. Donovan, Department of Physics, Kansas State University VERY EXTENSIVE. Multimedia Interactive Tutorials. For more information see Visual Quantum Mechanics Some examples include Incandescence Spectroscopy Emission Spectroscopy Phosphorescence Spectroscopy SPECTROSCOPY TOOLS: 1H-WIZZARD (CHEMICAL SHIFTS): IR-WIZZARD (WAVE NUMBER); MS-WIZZARD (FRAGMENT OR LOSS MASS); ETC.. - Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdamm, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Spectroscopic Tools; NMR Home Page or the Institut für Chemie Also see Chemical Shift Tables J-Couplings 13C Chemical Shift TIME-BANDWIDTH CALCULATOR (FEMTOSECOND LASERS FOR MICROMACHINING AND SPECTROSCOPY) - Clark-MXR, Inc. "...will help you determine the Fourier Transform Bandwidth for your laser." For more information see The Learning Center; Introduction to Micromachining with Femtosecond Laser Pulses or Clark-MXR, Inc. SPECTROSCOPY TUTORIALS WITH CALCULATORS/APPLETS & ANIMATIONS FOR MORE SPECTROSCOPY TUTORIALS SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER - ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: SPECTROSCOPY INTRODUCTION TO SPECTROSCOPY - W.H. Reusch, Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University Multimedia Course (Text, Images, Calculators). For more information see Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry or the Department of Chemistry SPECTROSCOPY - P.R. Young, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Multimedia Course (Text, Images & Interactive Animations). For more information see Organic Chemistry Online; Organic Chemistry or the Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago SPECTROSCOPY SIMULATIONS IR SPECTRA SIMULATION - J. Schuur, P. Selzer & M.C. Hemmer, The J. Gasteiger Research Group, Computer-Chemie-Centrum and Institut für Organische Chemie (Institute for Organic Chemistry), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Services; Techniques for Organic Reactions, Visualization, and Spectroscopy; Computer-Chemie-Centrum (Computer Chemistry Center) or the Institut für Organische Chemie (Institute for Organic Chemistry) SPECTROSCOPIC SIMULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - D. Yaron, D. Lange, J, Chalecki & S. C. Ulrich, Jr., Department of Chemistry, Carneigie Mellon University "Although it is based on relatively simple mathematics, a complete understanding of the phenomenon requires assimilating the following concepts: The energy levels of a diatomic molecule are given by the formula; ..." For more information see Applets; The Irydium Project or the Department of Chemistry VIRTUAL SPECTROMETER - VIRSPEC (JAVA APPLET) - A. Zheludev, Neutron Scattering Group, Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "...a Java-based 3-axis spectrometer simulator/ resolution calculator/false peak calculator....It calculates angles and simulates scans. It also calculates several type of false peaks." For more information see Andrey Zheludev's Home Page or the Neutron Scattering Group FORCE SPECTROSCOPY AND TAPPING MODE FORCE SPECTROSCOPY AND TAPPING MODE PROGRAM - CALCULATOR - Nanomechanics: Spectroscopy and Imaging, Institut de Génie Atomique (IGA), Department of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland "This is a numerical simulation of an atomic force microscope in tapping or in force spectroscopy mode. The model used to to understand and simulate the interactions between the cantilever tip and the sample is presented hereafter." For more information see Models or Nanomechanics: Spectroscopy and Imaging INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY: IR HELPER - Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, Maine VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "...step-by-step tutorial on the interpretation of Infra-Red spectra..." For more information see NMR Home Page or the Department of Chemistry INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY WAVENUMBER AND FREQUENCY CALCULATORS - SanderKok.com Includes: Frequency < > Wavelength Converter & Wavelength Calculator. For more information see Infrared Spectroscopy or SanderKok.com WAVENUMBER CALIBRATION TABLES FROM HETERODYNE FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS - G. Maki and Joseph S. Wells, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Database (Text & Images). "...Wavenumber Tables for Calibration of Infrared Spectrometers..." For more information see High-Accuracy Molecular (Spectroscopy) Wavelengths; Optical Frequency Measurements Group; Time & Frequency Division or the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ROTATIONAL RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ROTATIONAL RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY (JAVA APPLETS) - H. Cartwright, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see 6.05 Computational Raman Spectroscopy; Undergraduate Experiments: Second/Third Year Experiments; Undergraduate Practical Course in Physical Chemistry; Hugh Cartwright's Home Page or the Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Lab SPECTROSCOPY DATA VIEWERS & DATABASES FOR MORE SPECTROSCOPY DATABASES SEE THE CHEMICALS & BIOCHEMICAL DATABASES: SPECTROSCOPY Infrared and Raman spectra COMPUTED SPECTRAL DATA 3D-VISUALIZAION (COMSPEC 3D) - F. Oellien & Wolf-D. Ihlenfeldt, The J. Gasteiger Research Group, Computer-Chemie-Centrum and Institut für Organische Chemie (Institute for Organic Chemistry), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Germany) Multimedia Database (Text & Images). "...an online service for the calculation and visualization of Infrared and Raman spectra and corresponding normal modes..." For more information see Services; Techniques for Organic Reactions, Visualization, and Spectroscopy; Computer-Chemie-Centrum (Computer Chemistry Center) or the Institut für Organische Chemie (Institute for Organic Chemistry) Mass spectra and NMR spectra DXYPLOT: A JAVA APPLET FOR VIEWING SPECTROSCOPIC DATA - W.S. York, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia Multimedia Database (Text & Images). "...Perform detailed examinations and comparisons of various types of spectra (including Mass spectra and NMR spectra) and chromatographic data..." For more information see William S. York's Home Page or the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center Molecular Spectral Database for Microwaves MOLECULAR SPECTRAL DATABASE FOR MICROWAVES: DIATOMIC, TRIATOMIC & HYDROCARBON SPECTRAL DATABASES - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Databases (Text & Images). "...Each of the databases covers primarily the microwave region with some data available for the radio frequency region..." For more information see the NIST Physics Laboratory Physical Reference Data or the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Proteins, Peptides, Nucleic Acids NMR spectra BIOMAGRESBANK (BMRB) - BioMagResBank (BMRB), Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Multimedia Databases (Text & Images). "A Repository for Data from NMR Spectroscopy on Proteins, Peptides, Nucleic Acids" For more information see Department of Biochemistry Spectral Database for Organic Compounds INTEGRATED SPECTRIAL DATA BASE SYSTEM FOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (SDBS) - National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan Multimedia Database (Text & Imges). In English & Japanese. "Search Compounds; Search NMR & MS; & Display Spectra" "SDBS is an integrated spectral database system for organic compounds, which includes 6 different types of spectra under a directory database of the compounds." For more information see National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY DATABASE - C.D. Wagner, A.V. Naumkin, A. Kraut-Vass, J.W. Allison, C.J. Powell, J.R. Rumble Jr., National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Database (Text & Images). "...the database contains over 19,000 line positions, chemical shifts, doublet splittings, and energy separations of photoelectron and Auger-electron lines..." For more information see NIST Standard Reference Data Web Server; NIST ONLINE Reference Databases or NIST Home Page

Spectrum Analysis SPECTRAL INTERACTIVE EXPERIMENTS SPECTRAL ANIMATIONS - INTERACTIVE EXPERIMENTS (JAVA APPLETS) - Educators Corner, Agilent Technologies VERY EXTENSIVE. Click on Teacher Tools, and then Click on Java Animations. Steam Properties PROPERTIES OF WATER AND STEAM PROPERTIES OF WATER AND STEAM (WEBMATHEMATICA) - B.G. Higgins, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see webMathematica in Chemical Engineering; Brian G. Higgins' Home Page or the Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science STEAM TABLES - THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES SMART STEAM (H2O) TABLE (JAVA APPLET) - S. Bhattacharjee, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, San Diego State University VERY EXTENSIVE. "Find the phase and the complete state using this smart steam table." For more information see Thermodynamics Software - TEST-Map - The TEST Tree; Utility Applets; The Expert System for Thermodynamics; Subrata (Sooby) Bhattacharjee's Home Page or the Department of Mechanical Engineering SATURATED STEAM TABLES CALCULATOR - M. J. Rocchetti VERY EXTENSIVE. "This calculator is used to compute the thermodynamic properties of saturated steam..." For more information see Michael J. Rocchetti's Home Page THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM (WEBMATHEMATICA) - B.G. Higgins, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see webMathematica in Chemical Engineering; Brian G. Higgins' Home Page or the Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID SYSTEMS - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Calculators: JavaScript & Java Applets for Graphs. Includes: Thermophysical property data (Density, Specific volume, Cp, Cv, Enthalpy, Internal energy, Entropy, Sound speed) for 16 Fluids (Water, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Ethane, Propane, Helium, Ammonia, Methane, difluoro (R32), Ethane, 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoro- (R123), Ethane, pentafluoro- (R125) and Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro- (R134a)). For more information see Chemistry WebBook; NIST WebBook; NIST ONLINE Reference Databases or NIST Home Page Stoichiometric Calculations STOICHIOMETRY OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS STOICHIOMETRY OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS (WEBMATHEMATICA) - B.G. Higgins, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see webMathematica in Chemical Engineering; Brian G. Higgins' Home Page or the Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science STOICHIOMETRY SIMULATION STOICHIOMETRY (JAVA APPLET) - D. Yaron, D. Lange, J, Chalecki & S. C. Ulrich, Jr., Department of Chemistry, Carneigie Mellon University "An increasingly sophisticated visual simulation of a chemical reaction..." For more information see Applets; The Irydium Project or the Department of Chemistry Surface Science AUGER PARAMETER ENERGIES FOR RELATED DATABASES SEE PHYSICS - SPECIALIZED DATABASES AUGER PARAMETER ENERGIES - UK Surface Analysis Forum Multimedia Database (Text & Images). "...This database contains the energies of the principal photoemission and Auger lines and their corresponding Auger parameters for most of the elements..." For more information see Surface Science Databases or the Surface Analysis Forum: Surface Science Site CRYSTAL SURFACE ANALYSES FOR RELATED CALCULATORS & DATABASES SEE CHEMISTRY CALCULATORS: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY SURFACE EXPLORER - K. Hermann & F. Rammer, Fritz-Haber Institut der Max Planck Gesellschaft, Germany VERY EXTENSIVE. Based on BALSAC: "...allows the construction, visualization, and interactive analysis of general crystal lattices including single crystal surfaces (LATTICE sessions) and of finite clusters..." For more information see Klaus Hermann's Home Page or the Fritz-Haber Institut SURFACE SCIENCE SPECTRA - DATABASES FOR RELATED DATABASES SEE PHYSICS - SPECIALIZED DATABASES FOR RELATED CALCULATORS/DATABASES SEE SPECTROSCOPY FOR RELATED CALCULATORS/DATABASES SEE MICROSCOPY AES DATABASE - Thermo Electron Corporation, France Multimedia Database (Text & Images). For more information see XPS, AES, UPS and ESCA SPECTROMETRICS SURFACE ANALYSES, (XPS, AES, and UPS) & INELASTIC MEANS FREE PATH (IMFP) - GRAPHERS & SIMULATIONS - Thermo Electron Corporation, France For more information see XPS, AES, UPS and ESCA X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY DATABASE - C.D. Wagner, A.V. Naumkin, A. Kraut-Vass, J.W. Allison, C.J. Powell, J.R. Rumble Jr., National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Database (Text & Images). "...the database contains over 19,000 line positions, chemical shifts, doublet splittings, and energy separations of photoelectron and Auger-electron lines..." For more information see NIST Standard Reference Data Web Server; NIST ONLINE Reference Databases or NIST Home Page XPS DATABASE - Thermo Electron Corporation, France Multimedia Database (Text & Images). For more information see XPS, AES, UPS and ESCA TIME OF FLIGHT TIME OF FLIGHT CALCULATOR - W. Rabalais, Surface Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston Enter: Energy (eV), Projectile (H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, etc.), Target (H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, etc.), Time of Flight Length (cm), and Scatter Angle (deg) - Determines Single Scattering, Double Scattering, Direct Recoil, Fast Recoil (SR) & Fast Recoil (RR) for TOF, msec; & E, eV. For more information see the Surface Science Group; Wayne Rabalais's Home Page or the Department of Chemistry Synthesis CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS SYNTHESIS CALCULATOR - S.C. Moratti, Materials Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University VERY EXTENSIVE. "This table will help you calculate the amounts needed for a chemical synthesis or to check a known synthesis. Enter any known values for each substance..." For more information see Steven C. Moratti's Home Page; Chemical Calculations; Materials Chemistry Group or the Department of Chemistry Temperature, Thermometry, Thermocouple FOR TEMPERATURE CONVERSION CALCULATORS SEE MATHEMATICS CALCULATOR CENTER: UNIT COVERSIONS TEMPERATURE SENSOR CALCULATIONS IEC 751 PRT UTILITY - Isotech, U.K. VERY EXTENSIVE. "...On-line Calculator for Coefficients and R to T Calculations (IEC 751)..." For more information see Isotech SENSOR CALC - Minco Products, Inc VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "... Online table generator for RTD's, thermocouples, and temperature sensitive heaters..." For more information see Reference & Support or Minco Products THERMISTOR CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - Capgo Pty Ltd VERY EXTENSIVE. "...calculator is initialized with calibration coefficients of the popular YSI 44004 thermistor..." For more information see Thermistor Temperature Sensors; Temperature Measurement; About Temperature; Online Resources or Capgo THERMOCOUPLE ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE VS. TEMPERATURE THERMOCOUPLE DATABASE - Thermometry Group, Process Measurements Division, Chemical Science & Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Database (Text & Images). "...NIST reference functions and tables of thermocouple electromotive force (emf) versus temperature have been adopted as standards by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)..." For more information see Thermometry Group; Process Measurements Division; Chemical Science & Technology Laboratory; NIST Online Databases or the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Thermodynamics THERMODYNAMICS THERMODYNAMICS APPLETS FOR THERMO STUDENTS, ENGINEERS & SCIENTISTS - S. Bhattacharjee, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, San Diego State University VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. Inclues applets in: "Thermal Radiation; Thermodynamic Tables; Energy, Entropy and Exergy Analysis; & Specific Applications." For more information see Thermodynamics Software - TEST-Map - The TEST Tree; Utility Applets; The Expert System for Thermodynamics; Subrata (Sooby) Bhattacharjee's Home Page or the Department of Mechanical Engineering Some examples from over "35" interactive applets include Gas Power Cycles Gas and Vapor Refrigeration Cycles Reciprocating IC Engines THE THERMAL WIZARD - MAYA Heat Transfer Technologies Limited, Montreal, Québec, Canada Multimedia Database/Calculators (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Includes: Material Properties; Unit Conversions; Conduction & Convection Calculators; Radiation Calculators etc. For more information see MAYA Heat Transfer Technologies Limited THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES JAVA MELTS, pMELTS, AND CALCULATOR - Mark S. Ghiorso, Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago & Hosted by the Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington Multimedia Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "...provides thermodynamic properties of mineral endmembers and solid solutions known to the MELTS package..." For more information see Minerals & Melts - Software for Computational Thermodynamics; Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago or the Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington THERMAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ESTIMATION (JAVA APPLETS) - GuanHua Chen, Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, & Pirika.com VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Pirika - Java Chemistry Some examples from over "20" Applets include Wilson Large Rammda fitting by experimental data Calculate Heat Capacity of Gas THE MELTS SUPPLEMENTAL CALCULATOR - Mark S. Ghiorso, Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago & Hosted by the Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington Multimedia Database (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "...Click to Calculate Thermodynamic Properties of and or compute Thermodynamic Properties and/or Component Transformations of Mineral Solid Solutions..." For more information see Minerals & Melts - Software for Computational Thermodynamics; Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago or the Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington THE MELTS SUPPLEMENTAL CALCULATOR - P. Asimow, Experimental Petrology Group, Geological and Planetary Sciences Division, California Institute of Technology (Caltech) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "For solid phases of more than one endmember, (1) Converts composition in mole fraction of endmembers to weight percent oxides, an exact calculation. (2) Converts squares, etc... (3) Given T, P, and mole fractions of endmembers, computes the following thermodynamic data: Gibbs free energy G, Enthalpy H, Entropy S etc....." For more information see MELTS Supplemental Calculator README; Paul Asimow's Home Page or Experimental Petrology Group THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES CALCULATOR - T. Melton, Quest Consultants Inc. "This page is designed to allow users to select a pure component or a mixture of components and determine the vapor-liquid split (if two-phase), the liquid and vapor densities, enthalpies, heat capacities, and compositions at an input temperature and pressure." For more information see Calculators or Quest Consultants Inc. Some examples of other Thermodynamic Calculators include Thermodynamic Diagrams Page Thermodynamic Properties Page with Final Pressure Other Than One Atmosphere BINARY PHASE EQUILIBRIA BINARY PHASE EQUILIBRIA APPLET - P.D. Asimow, Experimental Petrology Group, Geological and Planetary Sciences Division, California Institute of Technology (Caltech) VERY EXTENSIVE. "This applet provides a representation of phase stability relationships in abinary system with up to 4 phases..." For more information see Binary Phase Equilibria TUTORIAL; Paul D. Asimow's Home Page; Paul D. Asimow's Faculty Home Page or the Geological and Planetary Sciences Division ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS THERMODYNAMICS OF ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS DATABASE - R.N. Goldberg, Y.B. Tewari, & M. Tung, Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) "The data presented herein is limited to direct equilibrium and calorimetric measurements performed on these reactions under in vitro conditions." For more information Thermophysical and Thermochemical; NIST ONLINE Reference Databases or NIST Home Page HEAT CONDUCTION & TRANSFER CALCULATIONS CONDUCTION APPLET (ALUMINUM, CARBON STEEL, COPPER, NICKEL STEEL, STAINLESS STEEL ETC.) - B. Wilson & G. Hutcherson, Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory (EELC), Department of Mechanical Engingeering, College of Engingeering, Colorado State University For more information see Internal Combustion Engine Heat Transfer; Engine Web Pages; Bryan D. Wilson's Home Page; Department of Mechanical Engingeering or the College of Engingeering HEAT CONDUCTION - M. Karweit, Department of Chemical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University "Heat flows through thermally conductive materials by a process generally known as 'gradient transport'. Gradient heat transport depends..." For more information see Virtual Engineering HEAT TRANSFER MODELS - CALCULATORS - Microelectronics Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada VERY VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the Microelectronics Heat Transfer Laboratory Some exapmles from over "20" Calculators include WEB Based Micro Electronic Thermal Analyzer Natural Convection for Annular Heat Sinks Natural Convection for Rectangular Heat Sinks Spreading Resistance of Isoflux Rectangles and Strips on Compound Flux Channels UNSTEADY STATE HEAT CONDUCTION APPLETS - Andrey Solomin, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Fysische transportverschijnselen (1106) & Fysische transport verschijnselen (1125) or Course Web Pages Some exapmles include Transient Conduction in Semi-Infinite Solid Transient Conduction in an Infinite Plane Wall INORGANIC CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS ONE-METAL Eh VS pH POURBAIX DIAGRAM - C.W. Bale, CRCT, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see CRCT, École Polytechnique de Montréal Examples of other Calculators include Aqualib-Web: Chemical equilibria of a dilute aqueous solution... Equilib Web: Enter up to 3 reactants and 5 different elements LIQUID HELIUM THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF NORMAL LIQUID HELIUM 3 (JAVA APPLET) - M. Kollar, Theoretical Physics III, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Germany VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Helium3Kalkulator or Marcus Kollar's Home Page PSYCHROMETRIC PSYCHROMETRIC CALCULATOR - M. J. Rocchetti VERY EXTENSIVE. "This calculator is used to compute the thermodynamic properties of moist air. These properties are used by mechanical engineers to design Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems and processes." For more information see Michael J. Rocchetti's Home Page STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS CALCULATION OF THE COEXISTENCE LINE WITH EQUATIONS OF STATE - T. Kraska, Institut für Physikalische Chemie (Institute for Physical Chemistry), Universität zu Köln (University of Cologne), Cologne, Germany "...you can calculate the coexistence line of the liquid-vapour equilibrium with the van der Waals equation of state or the Carnahan-Starling-van der Waals equation of state..." For more information see The Carnahan-Starling-van der Waals equation of state; Statistical Thermodynamics; Thomas Kraska's Home Page or the Institut für Physikalische Chemie STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS (JAVA APPLETS)S - T. Kraska, Institut für Physikalische Chemie (Institute for Physical Chemistry), Universität zu Köln (University of Cologne), Cologne, Germany VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Thomas Kraska's Home Page or the Institut für Physikalische Chemie Some examples from over "7" Applets include Calculation of a Distillation Column Calculation of the pair correlation function with the PY-OZ equation Calculation of the third virial coefficient Calculation of a PT-diagram with the CSvdW equation of state THERMAL GAS-PHASE CHEMICAL REACTIONS CHEMICAL KINETICS DATABASE - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) "...includes essentially all reported kinetics results for thermal gas-phase chemical reactions..." "...contains in excess of 38,000 separate reaction records for over 11,700 distinct reactant pairs..." For more information see NIST ONLINE Reference Databases or NIST Home Page THERMOCHEMICAL DATA - GAS-PHASE MOLECULES COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY COMPARISON AND BENCHMARK DATABASE - CALCULATED DATA - Computational Chemistry Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Multimedia Database (Text, Images, Calculations etc...). VERY VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. "...Experimental and computational thermochemical data for a selected set of 631 gas-phase molecules. Tools for comparing experimental and computational ideal-gas thermochemical properties..." Includes: "Geometric and Vibrational results; Energetics; Electrostatics; etc..." For more information see Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmarks Database; SickList Database; Computational Chemistry Group; NIST Online Databases or the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) THERMOBAROMETRY GENERALIZED THERMOBAROMETRY: WEBINVEQ - T. Gordon, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada "WEBINVEQ solves the inverse chemical equilibrium problem, i.e. given the activities of end-members of coexisting minerals, the program computes a least-squares estimate of the pressure and temperature of equilibration of the minerals." For more information see Terence M. (Terry) Gordon's Home Page THERMODYNAMIC PHYSICS THERMODYNAMIC PHYSICS (JAVA APPLETS) - Xing Min (Sherman) Wang, Enterprise Information Systems, Lockheed Martin For more information see Physics in Action; Applets or Xing Min (Sherman) Wang's Home Page Some examples include The Diesel Engine and The Diesel Cycle The Carnot Cycle and the Carnot Engine Ontto Engine and Otto Cycle TREBBLE-BISHNOI-SALIM EQUATION TBS-EOS CALCULATOR (JAVA APPLET) - Octavian Micro Development Inc. "Lets you calculate the compressiblity factors using the Trebble-Bishnoi-Salim cubic equation of state." For more information see Java Applets; Engineering and Science or Octavian Micro Development Inc.

Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID SYSTEMS THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID SYSTEMS - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. Calculators: JavaScript & Java Applets for Graphs. Includes: Thermophysical property data (Density, Specific volume, Cp, Cv, Enthalpy, Internal energy, Entropy, Sound speed) for 16 Fluids (Water, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Ethane, Propane, Helium, Ammonia, Methane, difluoro (R32), Ethane, 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoro- (R123), Ethane, pentafluoro- (R125) and Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro- (R134a)). For more information see Chemistry WebBook; NIST WebBook; NIST ONLINE Reference Databases or NIST Home Page Vacuum Pumps & Guages VACUUM (ALL INCLUSIVE) AVS REFERENCE GUIDE - AVS Science and Technology Society and Hosted by the American Intitute of Physics (AIP) VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see the American Intitute of Physics or the AVS Science and Technology Society Some examples from over "15" calculators include Refrigeration Calculator Throughput & Leak Rate Calculator Working Pressure Ranges of Vacuum Pumps Working Pressure Ranges of Vacuum Guages Optical Emission Spectral Lines by Wavelength in Nanometers Vapor Pressure Viscosity VISCOSITY COMPARISONS DYNAMIC VISCOSITY CONVERTER - Lenntech Water- & Luchtbehandeling Holding B.V., The Netherlands "You can see viscosity as the resistance. When the resistance gets higher,..." For more information see Calculators or Lenntech KINEMATIC VISCOSITY CONVERTER - Lenntech Water- & Luchtbehandeling Holding B.V., The Netherlands "The kinematic viscosity is defined as the dynamic viscosity divided by density..." For more information see Calculators or Lenntech VISCOSITY COMPARISONS VISCOSITY (JAVA APPLET) - Geoscience Information System, Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University "Compare metallic balls as they drop through graduated cylinders filled with viscous substances of your choice..." For more information see Web Tools; Cornell University's Geoscience Information System or the Department of Geological Sciences X-ray Interactions with Matter X-RAY INTERACTIONS X-RAY LIBRARY - S. Stepanov, GM/CA Collaborative Access Team, Advanced Photon Source (APS), Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Multimedia Calculators (Text & Images). VERY VERY EXTENSIVE. For more information see Sergey Stepanov's Home Page; BioCAT; Advanced Photon Source or the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Examples of Major Simulations/Calculators include Xoh - X-Ray Susceptibilities for some Crystals & other Materials GID_SL - Simulates Dynamical X-Ray Diffraction from Strained Crystals... TRDS_SL - Calculates X-Ray Diffuse Scattering from Interface Roughness TER_SL - Calculates X-Ray Specular Reflection... X-RAY INTERACTIONS WITH MATTER - Compiled by B. L. Henke, E. M. Gullikson, and J. C. Davis, Center for X-Ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Multimedia (Text & Images). VERY VERY VERY...EXTENSIVE. "The Center for X-ray Optics (CXRO) was established in 1984 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) to develop the capabilities of the x-ray and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum and to develop equipment and techniques which make those capabilities widely and readily available." For more information see Center for X-Ray Optics (CXRO) or Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Some examples include The Atomic Scattering Factor Files X-Ray Attenuation Length X-ray Transmission of a Solid X-ray Transmission of a Gas X-ray Reflectivity of a Thick Mirror Transmission Grating Efficiency vs Photon Energy Bend Magnet Spectrum FOR MORE CHEMISTRY COURSES, TUTORIALS & DATABASES SEE THE CHEMISTRY CENTER

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